In the case of Superior Oil Company v. State of Mississippi, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the state in 1929. The dispute centered on whether a tax levied by Mississippi on oil and gas produced within its borders was constitutional or not. Superior Oil Company argued that this tax violated both their Fourteenth Amendment rights to equal protection under law and due process, as well as interstate commerce laws because it imposed an undue burden on out-of-state companies operating within Mississippi's borders. However, the court found no merit in these arguments and upheld the constitutionality of such taxes stating that they were neither discriminatory nor did they interfere with interstate commerce since all producers were taxed equally regardless of where they sold their product.

In the dissenting opinion for Superior Oil Company v. State of Mississippi, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state law requiring oil companies to maintain a certain level of reserves in-state violated constitutional protections against arbitrary and discriminatory legislation. The dissenting justices contended that this law unfairly targeted out-of-state corporations, placing an undue burden on their operations while favoring local businesses. They further asserted that such protectionist measures were not justified by any legitimate public interest or necessity but rather served only to advance economic isolationism at the expense of interstate commerce and free market competition. In essence, they believed that states should not be allowed to enact laws which unduly interfere with national economic unity and efficiency under the guise of exercising their police powers.