In the case of International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 695, A. F. L., et al. v. Vogt, Inc., in 1956, the US Supreme Court ruled on a dispute between a labor union and an employer over collective bargaining agreements and strike actions. The Wisconsin Employment Relations Board had previously issued cease-and-desist orders against both parties for unfair labor practices during negotiations for new contracts; however, these were later set aside by state courts due to jurisdictional issues related to federal law under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). On appeal to the Supreme Court, it was held that while states could regulate some aspects of industrial relations not covered by NLRA provisions - such as violence or threats thereof during strikes - they could not interfere with federally-protected rights like collective bargaining itself or peaceful picketing/strike action associated therewith.

In the dissenting opinion for the case of International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 695, A. F. L., et al. v. Vogt, Inc., Justice Hugo Black argued that Wisconsin's anti-strikebreaker law was constitutional and did not violate the Commerce Clause as it aimed to prevent violence and maintain peace during labor disputes within its jurisdiction. He contended that states should have the power to regulate their internal affairs including labor relations without interference from federal courts unless there is a clear conflict with national policy or an explicit preemption by Congress which he believed wasn't present in this case. Furthermore, he criticized his colleagues' broad interpretation of interstate commerce regulation which could potentially undermine state sovereignty over local matters.