The Josefa Segunda was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1825. The claimants, Roberts and others, were seeking compensation for damages caused to their property during the Spanish-American War of 1821. They argued that they had been wrongfully deprived of their rights under Spanish law when Spain ceded Florida to the United States without providing them with adequate compensation or protection from potential losses due to war damage. The court ultimately ruled in favor of the claimants, finding that they had indeed suffered damages as a result of Spain's actions and awarding them monetary compensation accordingly. This decision established an important precedent regarding international treaties and agreements between nations concerning land transfers and other matters related thereto.

In The Josefa Segunda, Roberts and Others, Claimants case, the dissenting opinion was that the Spanish government had not given up its claim to sovereignty over Florida when it ceded it to the United States in 1819. According to Justice Johnson's dissent, Spain did not have authority under international law or any other legal principle to transfer title of land from one nation to another without first obtaining consent from all parties with a valid interest in such lands. Furthermore, he argued that even if Spain had done so legally by transferring title of land directly from itself as sovereign power over Florida at the time of cession in 1819 then this would still be insufficient for establishing American ownership since there were many claimants who held prior titles which could only be extinguished through their own voluntary surrender or purchase by an authorized agent acting on behalf of either party. Therefore according Justice Johnson’s view these claimants should have been consulted before any decision was made regarding disposition of their property rights and interests.