In the case of Todd v. United States in 1894, the Supreme Court ruled on a matter concerning maritime law and salvage rights. The dispute arose when two vessels, one American and one British, were both involved in salvaging a third vessel that had been abandoned at sea. Both parties claimed exclusive right to the salvage reward based on their respective efforts to save the distressed ship. The U.S government intervened claiming that as an American vessel was first at scene, it should have priority over any claim by foreign vessels under international maritime law. The Supreme Court disagreed with this interpretation of international law stating there is no such rule giving preference or exclusivity to rescuers from certain nations over others; rather all who participate in successful rescue operations are entitled proportionally for their services according to contribution made towards saving property regardless of nationality. This ruling reaffirmed principles of fairness and cooperation within international maritime community while also clarifying legal position regarding claims for salvage rewards.

In the dissenting opinion for Todd v. United States, Justice Brewer argued that the defendant's conviction should be overturned due to a lack of evidence proving his guilt beyond reasonable doubt. He believed that there was insufficient proof to show that Todd had knowingly and willfully conspired to defraud the government by submitting false claims. The majority's reliance on circumstantial evidence was not enough in his view, as it did not conclusively demonstrate Todd’s intent or involvement in fraudulent activities. Furthermore, he criticized the court for allowing hearsay testimony which could have prejudiced jurors against Todd without providing him an opportunity for cross-examination. In essence, Justice Brewer felt strongly about upholding principles of fair trial and presumption of innocence until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.