The United States Supreme Court case, UNITED STATES ex rel. CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN RAILROAD CO. et al. v. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION et al., 1934, revolved around the dispute between Chicago Great Western Railroad Company and the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). The railroad company challenged an order by ICC that required them to maintain and operate a certain line of railway which they sought to abandon due to financial losses incurred from its operation. The court ruled in favor of ICC stating that it had authority under the Interstate Commerce Act to issue such orders if it deems necessary for public convenience and necessity even though this might cause hardship on carriers like Chicago Great Western Railroad Co.. This decision upheld the power of regulatory agencies over private businesses when operating in public interest.

The dissenting opinion in the case of United States ex rel. Chicago Great Western Railroad Co. et al. v. Interstate Commerce Commission et al., argued that the majority's decision to uphold the ICC's order was a violation of due process rights under the Fifth Amendment, as it allowed for an arbitrary and unreasonable exercise of power by administrative bodies without judicial review or oversight. The dissenters believed that this ruling effectively gave unchecked authority to these agencies, which could lead to potential abuses and infringements on individual liberties and property rights protected by law. They also expressed concerns about how such decisions could impact businesses like railroads, potentially leading them into bankruptcy through unfair regulations imposed without proper legal safeguards or considerations for their economic viability.