In the case of United States ex rel. Steinmetz v. Allen (1903), the Supreme Court ruled on a matter concerning extradition laws between states. The petitioner, Mr. Steinmetz, was charged with embezzlement in Pennsylvania but had fled to New York before he could be arrested and tried for his alleged crimes. He argued that because he left Pennsylvania before charges were formally filed against him, he should not be extradited back to face trial under Article IV Section 2 of the Constitution which allows for interstate rendition only if a person is "charged" with a crime in another state. The court rejected this argument stating that it would undermine justice by allowing criminals to evade prosecution simply by fleeing jurisdictions prior to formal charges being filed against them - an act often necessary due to investigations needing time for completion or gathering evidence after discovering criminal activity has occurred. Therefore, despite no formal charge at the time of his departure from Pennsylvania, Mr.Steinmetz's actions constituted enough grounds for him being considered as 'charged' and thus liable for extradition under constitutional provisions.

In the dissenting opinion for United States ex rel. Steinmetz v. Allen, it was argued that the majority's decision to deny habeas corpus relief to a prisoner who had been convicted by a military commission in Puerto Rico was incorrect. The dissent contended that the Constitution applied fully in Puerto Rico and thus, civil courts should have jurisdiction over such cases rather than military commissions. They believed this case raised serious questions about due process rights and civilian control of the military, arguing that allowing such convictions could set dangerous precedents for future cases involving U.S territories or possessions. Furthermore, they disagreed with the majority’s interpretation of “Insular Cases,” asserting instead these decisions did not grant Congress unlimited power over territories but required respect for fundamental constitutional guarantees even outside continental U.S borders.