The United States v. American Linseed Oil Company et al., 1922, was a case that revolved around the Sherman Antitrust Act and its application to a group of linseed oil manufacturers who were accused of price-fixing. The defendants included several companies and individuals involved in the production and sale of linseed oil across multiple states. They were alleged to have conspired together to control prices by limiting competition, thereby violating federal antitrust laws. However, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendants stating that there wasn't sufficient evidence presented by the government proving an explicit agreement among these companies for price manipulation or market division which would violate anti-trust laws under Sherman Act. Therefore, despite their collective dominance over 75% of U.S.'s linseed oil industry at that time, it did not automatically constitute an illegal monopoly as per court's interpretation.

In the dissenting opinion for United States v. American Linseed Oil Company, it was argued that the majority's interpretation of the Sherman Act was overly broad and could potentially criminalize normal business practices. The dissenting justices believed that not all price-fixing agreements should be considered illegal per se under antitrust law, as they might sometimes serve legitimate business purposes or even promote competition. They also expressed concern about potential negative effects on businesses due to uncertainty about what constitutes an unlawful restraint of trade. Furthermore, they disagreed with the majority's view that a conspiracy existed among defendants to control prices and monopolize commerce in linseed oil products; instead, they saw evidence of independent actions by different companies responding to market conditions rather than collusion.