In the case of United States v. Bathgate et al., 1917, the U.S. Supreme Court dealt with issues related to taxation and property rights. The defendants, John S. Bathgate and others, were shareholders in a corporation that owned land in New York City which was sold at a profit during the tax year 1909-10 but not distributed until after March 1st, 1913 when the Sixteenth Amendment (Income Tax) became effective. They argued that they should not be taxed on this income because it was earned before enactment of the amendment. However, their argument was rejected by both lower courts and eventually by Supreme Court as well. The court ruled that although profits from sale were realized prior to adoption of Sixteenth Amendment; since dividends weren't actually paid out until after its ratification - they are subject to federal income tax under new law's provisions regardless of when underlying transaction occurred or how long funds had been held by company before distribution took place. This decision established an important precedent for interpretation and application of federal income tax laws: Income is taxable in year it's received rather than when underlying transaction generating such earnings takes place.

The dissenting opinion in the United States v. Bathgate et al., 1917 case argued that the majority's decision to uphold a conviction for conspiracy to defraud was incorrect because it did not sufficiently consider whether there was an actual intent to defraud. The dissent believed that while the defendants may have been involved in questionable business practices, this alone does not constitute fraud unless there is clear evidence of deceitful intent. They also disagreed with the majority's interpretation of what constitutes a 'scheme' or 'artifice' under federal law, arguing that these terms should be narrowly construed and applied only when there is concrete proof of fraudulent activity. Furthermore, they contended that by upholding such convictions without sufficient evidence could potentially criminalize legitimate business activities and stifle entrepreneurial innovation.