The United States v. Darby case in 1932 was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court that upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which established minimum wage, overtime pay and child labor standards for employees engaged in interstate commerce. The defendant, Fred M. Darby Lumber Company, argued that Congress lacked the constitutional authority to regulate intrastate activities such as local manufacturing processes and labor conditions. However, the court unanimously ruled against this argument stating that under its Commerce Clause powers (Article I Section 8), Congress had broad authority to regulate any activity having substantial economic effect on interstate commerce even if it is purely local in nature. This ruling effectively expanded federal power over states' rights issues related to business regulation and marked a significant shift towards greater federal intervention in economic affairs.

The United States v. Darby case in 1932 did not have a dissenting opinion, as the decision was unanimous. The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions, specifically supporting the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 which established minimum wage and maximum hours standards for workers in interstate commerce industries. This ruling overturned previous decisions limiting congressional control over intrastate commerce and labor regulations, marking a significant expansion of federal authority over economic activity.