In the United States v. Esnault-Pelterie case of 1937, the Supreme Court ruled on a patent dispute involving airplane technology. Robert Esnault-Pelterie, a French inventor and aviation pioneer, held patents for certain aircraft control mechanisms in both France and the U.S., which he claimed were infringed upon by several American aircraft manufacturers during World War I under licenses issued by the U.S government. The issue was whether or not these companies should be liable for infringement due to their use of his patented designs under governmental authority during wartime. The court concluded that while it is generally illegal to use another's patented invention without permission, an exception exists when such usage is authorized by federal law for public purposes - as was done here with respect to war production efforts. Therefore, even though there may have been technical infringement of Mr.Esnault-Pelterie’s patents rights; since this occurred within context of national emergency (World War I), no liability could attach because actions were taken pursuant to valid exercise of federal power.

The dissenting opinion in the case of United States v. Esnault-Pelterie was not explicitly recorded or made available, thus it is impossible to provide a summary for it. The Supreme Court's decision was unanimous with no noted dissents, indicating that all participating justices agreed on the ruling and its reasoning.