United States v. Hill is a United States Supreme Court case that was decided in 1887. The case involved a dispute between the United States and the Hill family over the ownership of a tract of land in the state of Arkansas. The Hill family had been living on the land for many years, but the United States claimed that the land was part of a military reservation and that the Hill family had no right to be living on it. The Supreme Court held that the United States had the right to take possession of the land, as it was part of a military reservation. The Court also held that the Hill family was not entitled to any compensation for their loss of the land, as they had no legal right to be living on it in the first place. The decision of the Supreme Court was a victory for the United States, as it established that the government had the right to take possession of land that was part of a military reservation.

Justice Field delivered the dissenting opinion in United States v. Hill, arguing that Congress had no authority to pass a law which would allow for the forfeiture of property used in violation of an act regulating commerce between states and with foreign nations. He argued that such a law was unconstitutional because it violated both due process and equal protection under the Fifth Amendment. Furthermore, he contended that since there were already laws on the books punishing those who violate acts regulating interstate commerce, this new forfeiture provision was unnecessary and should not be allowed by Congress. Justice Field concluded his dissent by stating that if Congress could pass such a law then they could also pass other laws allowing for similar forfeitures without any constitutional limitation whatsoever - something which he believed would lead to tyranny over citizens' rights and liberties.