The United States Supreme Court case, UNITED STATES v. LOEW'S INCORPORATED et al., 1962, revolved around the issue of antitrust laws in relation to motion picture distribution. The government accused Loew's Inc and other major film companies of violating these laws by conspiring to monopolize the commercial film market through practices such as block booking (selling multiple films in a single package) and blind selling (selling films without allowing buyers to view them first). The defendants argued that they were not guilty because their actions did not result in unreasonable restraint on trade or commerce. However, the court ruled against them stating that their practices indeed violated Section 1 of Sherman Act which prohibits contracts or conspiracies restraining trade or commerce among several states. This decision led to significant changes within Hollywood’s studio system including ending block booking and blind selling.

In the dissenting opinion for United States v. Loew's Incorporated et al., Justice Harlan argued that the majority had overstepped its bounds by imposing a remedy not sought by either party in the case and one which was not justified by any findings of fact or conclusions of law made at trial. He contended that this action violated basic principles of judicial restraint and due process, as it deprived defendants of their right to contest such a drastic remedy on factual grounds before it was imposed upon them. Furthermore, he expressed concern about the potential impact on free competition and innovation within the film industry, arguing that forcing movie studios to divest themselves from theaters could lead to less diversity in films being produced and shown. In his view, this decision represented an unwarranted intrusion into private business affairs based solely on theoretical concerns about monopoly power rather than concrete evidence of harm to consumers or competitors.