In the case of United States and Interstate Commerce Commission v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1924, the Supreme Court ruled on a dispute involving railroad freight rates. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company had increased its rates for transporting coal without first seeking approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), as required by federal law. The ICC subsequently ordered that these increases be suspended pending an investigation into their reasonableness. However, before this order could take effect, the railroad company filed suit to prevent it from being enforced. In response to this action, both the U.S government and ICC brought counterclaims against them in court. The Supreme Court ultimately sided with the government and ICC in upholding their authority over rate regulation under existing legislation - specifically citing provisions within both Sherman Anti-Trust Act and Hepburn Act which granted such powers respectively to regulate commerce across state lines or prevent monopolistic practices within industry sectors like railroads where competition was limited due to high entry costs or other factors limiting new entrants' ability compete effectively against established players already dominating market share therein.

In the dissenting opinion for United States and Interstate Commerce Commission v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Justice McReynolds disagreed with the majority's decision to uphold an order by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that required railroads to provide free transportation services for ICC inspectors. He argued that this requirement was not within Congress' power under the commerce clause of the Constitution because it did not regulate interstate commerce but rather imposed a burden on it without any compensation. Furthermore, he contended that such a mandate violated due process rights as it took private property for public use without just compensation which is against Fifth Amendment protections. The justice also expressed concern about potential abuse of this privilege by ICC employees and questioned whether there were sufficient checks in place to prevent misuse.