In the case of Walker v. Gish, 1922, the United States Supreme Court was tasked with determining whether a contract for the sale of land in California to an Illinois resident violated Section 10 of Article I of the Constitution which prohibits states from passing laws that impair contractual obligations. The plaintiff, Walker, had entered into a contract with Gish to purchase land but later sought to rescind it on grounds that it was void under Illinois law due to lack of physical delivery and recording in county records. The court ruled against Walker stating that while Illinois could regulate contracts within its jurisdiction as per its public policy interests; however, this did not extend beyond state boundaries or apply extraterritorially. Thus, since California law recognized such contracts as valid without requiring physical delivery or recordation at county offices - principles upheld by Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article IV) - there was no impairment of obligation contrary to Section 10's prohibition.

The dissenting opinion in the Walker v. Gish case argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state law prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional. The dissenters believed that such laws violated individuals' fundamental rights and freedoms, including their right to marry whomever they choose, regardless of race. They also contended that these laws were discriminatory and perpetuated racial inequality by treating people differently based on their skin color. Furthermore, they asserted that states should not have the power to regulate personal relationships or dictate who can and cannot get married; rather, this is a matter of individual choice and autonomy. Thus, according to them, banning interracial marriages infringes upon citizens' civil liberties as guaranteed by the Constitution.