William H. Crandall v. The State of Nevada was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1867. The case involved a dispute between William H. Crandall, a resident of California, and the State of Nevada. Crandall had been arrested in Nevada for selling liquor without a license. He argued that the state had no authority to arrest him, as he was a citizen of California and the state of Nevada had no jurisdiction over him. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Crandall, finding that the state of Nevada had no authority to arrest him. The Court held that the state of Nevada had no power to regulate the sale of liquor in another state, and that the arrest was therefore unlawful. The Court also held that the state of Nevada had no authority to impose a penalty on Crandall for his actions. The ruling in this case established the principle that states cannot regulate the activities of citizens in other states. This ruling has been cited in numerous cases since then, and is still an important part of American law today.

In the case of William H. Crandall v. The State of Nevada, the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a state law that prohibited non-residents from engaging in certain occupations within its borders violated the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. In a dissenting opinion written by Justice Field, he argued that while states have broad powers to regulate their internal affairs, they cannot pass laws which discriminate against citizens from other states or deny them access to any occupation for which they are qualified without violating this clause. He further noted that if such discrimination were allowed it would be an affront to national unity and could lead to serious conflicts between different parts of the country.