Andrews v. Hensler was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1867. The case involved a dispute between two parties over the ownership of a piece of land in the state of Ohio. The plaintiff, Andrews, claimed that he had purchased the land from the defendant, Hensler, in 1845. Hensler, however, argued that he had never sold the land to Andrews and that he was still the rightful owner. The Supreme Court ultimately sided with Andrews, ruling that he was the rightful owner of the land. The Court found that Andrews had provided sufficient evidence to prove that he had purchased the land from Hensler in 1845. The Court also found that Hensler had failed to provide any evidence to support his claim that he had never sold the land. As a result, the Court ruled in favor of Andrews and declared him the rightful owner of the land.

In Andrews v. Hensler, the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a state court had jurisdiction over an action brought by a citizen of one state against another in which the cause of action arose from events that occurred outside both states. The majority opinion held that such actions were not within the jurisdiction of any state court and must be decided in federal courts. Justice Field dissented, arguing that under Article III Section 2 Clause 1 of the Constitution, Congress has given all cases arising between citizens of different states to either federal or state courts depending on their nature and circumstances. He argued further that since this case did not involve matters exclusively cognizable by federal courts it should have been heard in a state court as provided for by Congress' grant of power to them.