Hall v. United States was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1875. The case involved a dispute between the United States and a man named John Hall, who had been convicted of a crime in the state of Virginia. Hall argued that the conviction was invalid because the jury had been improperly selected. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the United States, finding that the jury selection process was valid and that Hall's conviction was therefore valid. The Court also cited United States v. Roach, a previous case, in which the Court had held that a jury selection process was valid if it was conducted in accordance with the laws of the state in which the trial was held. The Court's decision in Hall v. United States established the precedent that jury selection processes must be conducted in accordance with the laws of the state in which the trial is held in order to be valid.

In the case of Hall v. United States, Justice Field delivered a dissenting opinion in which he argued that Congress had no authority to pass laws regulating the sale and possession of firearms on Native American reservations. He noted that while Congress has broad powers over Indian affairs, it does not have unlimited power to regulate all aspects of life within those territories. Furthermore, he argued that any such regulation would be an unconstitutional infringement upon tribal sovereignty as well as an encroachment upon state jurisdiction over criminal matters. In support of his argument, Justice Field cited United States v Roach (1873), in which the Supreme Court held that federal legislation could not interfere with existing state laws regarding crimes committed by Indians on their own lands unless specifically authorized by treaty or other agreement between tribes and states. As there was no such authorization present here, Justice Field concluded that Congress did not have the authority to pass this law and thus it should be struck down as unconstitutional