In Israel Kinsman and Calvin L. Goddard v. Stephen R. Parkhurst, the Supreme Court of the United States was asked to decide whether a state court had jurisdiction over an action brought by citizens of one state against another citizen from a different state in which the cause of action arose outside that other state's borders. The appellants argued that since their claim originated in New York, it should be heard there instead of Connecticut where they were suing Parkhurst for breach of contract and fraud related to land sales transactions conducted in New York State. The Court held that under Article III Section 2 Clause 1 (the Diversity Clause) of the U.S Constitution, federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over cases between citizens from different states when those cases arise out-of-state; thus, Connecticut did not have authority to hear this case as it involved parties from two separate states with no connection to Connecticut itself beyond being sued there by Parkhurst who was attempting to gain an advantage through forum shopping tactics - i.e., bringing suit in his home state rather than where he committed wrongs or entered into contracts with others located elsewhere .

In this case, Israel Kinsman and Calvin L. Goddard appealed to the Supreme Court after Stephen R. Parkhurst refused to accept payment for a debt owed by them. The two appellants argued that they had offered sufficient consideration in exchange for the debt, but Parkhurst denied their offer on the grounds that it was not of equal value as what he was owed. In his dissenting opinion, Justice McLean disagreed with the majority's ruling and stated that an agreement between parties should be enforced if there is any form of consideration given in return for a promise or performance of some act; even if it does not match up perfectly with what is expected from both sides involved in the transaction. He further argued that when one party has already performed their part of an agreement, then they are entitled to receive something back from another party regardless of its exact worth or value compared to what was originally promised by either side initially.