The United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey case in 1976 revolved around the issue of redistricting and whether it violated the Voting Rights Act or the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The state of New York had redrawn its legislative districts to increase minority representation, which resulted in a decrease in white majority districts - one such district was predominantly inhabited by Hasidic Jews who claimed this act diluted their voting power. The Supreme Court ruled that although race was taken into account during redistricting, it did not violate either law as long as there wasn't an intent to minimize or cancel out the voting potential of racial or ethnic minorities. It concluded that enhancing minority groups' chances to participate effectively in political process through creating more balanced voter distribution didn't constitute unconstitutional discrimination against white voters.

In the dissenting opinion for United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey, Justice William Rehnquist argued that the majority's decision to uphold New York State's redistricting plan was inconsistent with previous Supreme Court rulings on racial gerrymandering. He contended that by approving a district map designed to increase minority representation in state legislature, the court had effectively endorsed race-based discrimination against white voters in those districts. Furthermore, he criticized the majority for failing to provide clear guidelines on when and how states could use race as a factor in drawing legislative boundaries without violating equal protection rights under Fourteenth Amendment of U.S Constitution.