The United States v. Board of Supervisors of Warren County, Mississippi case in 1976 involved the U.S. government challenging the county's at-large voting system for electing supervisors, alleging that it discriminated against African American voters and violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the U.S., finding that such a system did indeed dilute black voting strength and was therefore discriminatory. The court ordered Warren County to devise a new method for electing its board members which would not infringe upon minority voting rights.

The dissenting opinion in the case of United States v. Board of Supervisors of Warren County, Mississippi argued that the majority's decision to uphold a lower court ruling requiring reapportionment was misguided and potentially harmful. The dissenters believed that there was no constitutional violation in this case because the population variances among districts were not significant enough to warrant intervention by federal courts. They also expressed concern about potential overreach by federal courts into state affairs, arguing that states should have broad discretion when it comes to drawing district lines unless there is clear evidence of discrimination or other constitutional violations. Furthermore, they questioned whether such judicial interventions could lead to an endless cycle of litigation every time population shifts occur within a state.